At one point, the Europeans finally realized the futility of charging into machine guns. However, when American commanders finally got into the war, they used similar tactics of charging straight into machine gun fire, at first. They did not learn from British and French blunders. Of course that stupidity of not learning from earlier mistakes made by British Naval commanders was repeated by American naval chief, Ernst King in WWII. King was something of an Anglophobe which probably had something to do with it. When the US entered the war, King dismissed the need to run convoys of cargo ships up and down the East Coast. This resulted in the 2nd Happy Time enjoyed by German submariners. King finally set up convoys after the initial appalling losses suffered by US cargo ships and crews.