is which part of the NCAA are people referring to at that time. I think most people assume "NCAA" is referring to the admin piece (aka NCAA HQ) which is located in Nap Town because they assume it functions the same way as the commissioner's office for any pro league. I suspect very few people have taken the time to read the NCAA Manual (aka bylaws) for any of the 3 division levels. Many may not even know it even exists for one reason or another. If people did take the time, then they should eventually realize that the NCAA members (aka schools) structured the NCAA HQ to have as little or as much power as they desired. The structure isn't any different than how many of the pro leagues are structured assuming people read the charter and bylaws. Just because a pro league may have had a strong commissioner at various times, they naturally assume the NCAA should have just as strong of a commissioner too. Also, any time the "NCAA" makes a "decision" public, then often times the decision was made by one of the NCAA committee, which is typically made up of representatives from the various schools, and not the NCAA HQ. So when you mention "NCAA" in your post, I guess a fair question to ask is which part of the NCAA are referring to? For example, the first 3 references I am assuming you are referring to NCAA HQ. If so, then my only response is the NCAA HQ never had any teeth to begin with because that is how the members wanted it. Whereas if you are referring to the NCAA, the Members (aka the schools), then the response could go into a entirely new direction. I assumed the fourth reference (about the charter) was to the NCAA, the Members because the members are the only ones with the power to change the charter. You probably could even say they are currently going through that process now with the NCAA re-org effort. While the 5th reference (NCAA sanctioned sports) probably could go either way. I will say the NCAA bylaws (for all 3 division levels) state that the NCAA, the Organization can only recognize 1 champion per sport per division. Hence why the FCS Playoffs is officially called the NCAA DI Playoffs and the champion receives the standard NCAA team trophy. While the FBS Playoffs is not officially recognized as a NCAA sponsored tournament and the champion does not receive the standard NCAA trophy. Now the NCAA does recognize the FBS champion in its record books, but the precedence was already established when the NCAA started to include the various polls and their champions in the NCAA DI Record Books.